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<article id=”post-153891″ class=”post-153891 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-culture category-us-news tag-academic-communication tag-academic-writing tag-accessible-writing tag-clarity-in-research tag-public-engagement-in-academia pmpro-has-access entry”>
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<h1 class=”entry-title”>All the Light We Cannot See: Urgency for Understandable Academic Writing</h1><div class=’post-summary’>Academic writing should be clear and accessible to both scholars and the general public. To achieve this, academics must simplify their work through clear summaries and public outreach. With the reelection of Donald Trump, who has proposed dismantling the Department of Education and whose movement displays outright hostility toward academia, effective communication is now more crucial than ever to preserve the value and impact of academic research.</div> <div class=”single-authors”>By <span id=”authorname”></span></div>
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<p>I’ve always thought I had stumbled my way into a lovely niche job: being an academic editor to professors in the field of Information Systems in universities scattered around the world. They send me their fascinating, leading-edge, research papers and I do my best to make them more readable. One woman, happily doing her little thing, on her own time, on the edge of the map. Only recently did I realize that perhaps I’m not alone, it’s not so insignificant a task, time is ticking, and my work may be more central to learning, knowledge, and academia at large than I thought.</p><p>While in Cambridge Massachusetts this fall, absorbing the hallowed atmospheres of its various famed academic institutions, I attended an interesting event at the Harvard Book Store, an independent enterprise. In one section, the store staff had rolled aside several packed shelves to create a space — both physical and mental — for Leonard Cassuto to talk.</p><p>Cassuto is a professor of English at Fordham University in NYC. He has written several books and articles on how to improve the American higher education system, including his latest, <em>Academic Writing as if Readers Matter</em>. He wrote the book for two reasons: “academic writing has a bad public reputation” and indeed, “reading most academic writing is work” — “both in the literal and the figurative sense.”</p><h2 class=”wp-block-heading”>Cute title, but it raises hard questions</h2><p>On the one hand, Cassuto’s book title is cute. But on the other, it is unsettling and gives rise to several fundamental questions. Why have readers not mattered in academia? Should readers matter? And what’s the purpose of academic writing anyways?</p><p>But firstly, who are the readers? In general, the readers have consisted of students and other academics. </p><p>Why have readers not mattered in academia? The primary reason is that the audience is captive. Undergrads are assigned required readings by their lecturers, are often tested on it afterwards, and so have to read it. Graduate students have to read many papers in order to build their foundational knowledge and develop their own thesis. Faculty need to continue reading to research and write their own papers. They also read to keep up with advances and evolving concepts in their subject. In summary, in order to participate successfully in the system, students and faculty have to read academic writing.</p><p>Should readers matter? Of course. Academic writing is after all meant to be read and understood by as many people as possible: not just students and academics, but by interested members of the general public as well. Increased accessibility to academic writing can serve vital functions: improve learning, prompt more and higher quality research, facilitate engagement, and increase support. </p><p>What is the purpose of academic writing? As the old couplet asks, is it to dazzle them with brilliance or baffle them with bullshit? I’d say neither. I’d say “strive for clarity” — and if brilliance is there, it will shine through. The purpose of academic writing should be to share knowledge such that others can easily understand it, learn from it, and use it — either by building on it, or by arguing against it and presenting an alternative. So then, readers must matter.</p><p>Cassuto asks us to think of the reading of an academic piece of writing as a carriage journey with a driver (the writer) and a passenger (the reader), where the job of the driver is to make the journey predictable, smooth, interesting but reassuring, and positively memorable — and most importantly to ensure that the passenger stays in the carriage until the end of the journey. </p><p>Some of the earliest research papers I edited were written by Izak Benbasat, a renowned scholar in the field of Information Systems and now Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia. He set the context upfront, stated the research question and explained its significance, defined key terms, described the methodology, discussed the findings and their relevance, and indicated avenues for future related research. He wrote in a way that was clear and easy to understand. He spoiled me. I thought all research papers were written with such clarity; <a href=”https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5584989/” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>not</a>!</p><h2 class=”wp-block-heading”>Academic writing in the time of Trump</h2><p>Now that US President-Elect Donald Trump (a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania) has been given a mandate to implement his proposed plan of “dismantling” the Department of Education, the need to make academic writing more accessible is all the more urgent. There has been talk of reduced funding for certain topics, less support for DEI measures, more book bans, and a prohibition on student protests. There may even be objection to certain courses being taught or intervention in the content of some courses. Vice President-Elect JD Vance (a graduate of Ohio State University and Yale) has <a href=”https://www.insidehighered.com/news/government/politics-elections/2024/11/06/what-trumps-victory-means-higher-ed” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>said</a>, “If any of us want to do the things that we want to do for our country, we have to honestly and aggressively attack the universities.”</p><p>Author Edward St. Aubyn said, “We are entering the Dark Ages, my friend, but this time there will be lots of neon, and screen savers, and street lighting.” </p><p>Academics can no longer afford to live in ivory towers. The solution is not to change what and how they think, but to clearly explain their reasoning. It’s not to change their focus, research questions, and hypotheses, but to clearly explain them. And most importantly, to explain how their research matters to the general public. They must be able to communicate understandably and convincingly — firstly with those within their community of academics and students, but secondly and equally importantly, with the general public. </p><h2 class=”wp-block-heading”>Forging the connection</h2><p>By communicating in an easily readable and useful manner to others within academia, academics can accomplish several things: facilitate learning in students; spark interest and draw them deeper into an area of study; encourage interaction and collaboration — both intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary — among scholars; and advance the development of ideas as well as practical implications. To do so, one thing academics need to do is write in a clear manner — as per the many tips given by Cassuto.</p><p>By communicating in an understandable and interesting way to the general public, academics can generate a broader audience, love of knowledge, value of academia, and support for their institutions. Academic writing — or at least a summary of it — must be accessible to the general public. One way to do is to have a “General Abstract.” Most papers already begin with an abstract which is an academic summary of the paper. But sometimes such abstracts are best understood only by area experts. A general abstract could speak to the layperson, using simpler language and less jargon, but clearly explaining the research, its association to the field at large, and its relevance to society. </p><p>There are also several other ways academics can engage the public. Academics can publish their thinking in mainstream newspapers, magazines, and popular online platforms. They can offer public lectures on aspects of their expertise that may be of particular interest to a general audience or related to current affairs. They could discuss their research on weekly podcasts directed at general audiences. </p>
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<p>Once the general public understands academia — what it is striving to do, the context, its process of reasoning, its findings and their relevance to our world — several things may happen. They may become more interested in what it is saying and doing. They may become more engaged with academia, and networks can form between academia and the public. They may develop deeper critical thinking and contextualization. They may better distinguish between fact and fiction. They may come to see the value of academia. But the onus is on academics to help the public understand their work. Cassuto says it well: “A writer who does a good job forges a connection with the reader, and sympathetic understanding flows back and forth.”</p><p><strong>The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect Fair Observer’s editorial policy.</strong></p> </div>
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var galleryThumbs = new Swiper(“.gallery-thumbs”, {
spaceBetween: spaceBetweenShow,
slidesPerView: swiperslidesToShow,
touchRatio: 0.4,
slideToClickedSlide: true,
loop: true,
loopedSlides: 3,
keyboard: {
enabled: true,
onlyInViewport: false
},
initialSlide: 0
});

/* set conteoller */
galleryTop.controller.control = galleryThumbs;
galleryThumbs.controller.control = galleryTop;
</script>

<!– FO Newsletter –>

$(document).ready(function () {
$(“.newsletters-click”).on(“click”, function (e) {
$(this).addClass(‘active’);
});

$(‘#amount_50’).click(function () {
$(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#other_pay’).val(0);
$(‘#other_amount_pay’).val(0);
$(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)
});

$(‘#amount_100’).click(function () {
$(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#other_pay’).val(0);
$(‘#other_amount_pay’).val(0);
$(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)
});

$(‘#amount_500’).click(function () {
$(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#other_pay’).val(0);
$(‘#other_amount_pay’).val(0);
$(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)
});

$(‘#amount_1000’).click(function () {
$(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#other_pay’).val(0);
$(‘#other_amount_pay’).val(0);
$(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)
});

$(‘#other_pay’).change(function () {
$(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)
});

// $(“#other”).on(“change”, function() {
// if ($(this).is(“:checked”)) {
// $(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
// $(“.other_donation_amount_section”).show();
// $(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)su
// } else {
// $(“.other_donation_amount_section”).hide();
// }
// });

// Listen for the input event on the text input field
// $(‘#other_amount’).on(‘input’, function() {
// // $(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
// // $(‘.amount’).prop(‘checked’,false);

// var otherAmount = $(this).val(); // Get the value entered in the text input

// // Update the value and checked status of the radio button
// // $(‘#other’).val(otherAmount).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’);

// $(‘#amount50’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
// $(‘#amount100’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
// $(‘#amount500’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
// $(‘#amount1000’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
// $(‘#other’).val(otherAmount);
// $(‘#other_amount’).val(otherAmount);
// $(‘#other’).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)

// });

$(“#other_amount_pay”).on(“input”, function () {
var inputValue = $(this).val();
if (inputValue !== “”) {
$(‘#amount_50’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#amount_100’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#amount_500’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#amount_1000’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#other_pay’).val(inputValue);

$(“#other_pay”).prop(“checked”, true);
}
});

});

/* input type number validation */

const numericInput = document.getElementById(‘other_donation_amount’);

if (numericInput) {
numericInput.addEventListener(‘input’, function (e) {
// Get the current input value
const inputValue = e.target.value;

// Remove any non-numeric characters
const numericValue = inputValue.replace(/[^0-9]/g, ”);

// Update the input value with the numeric value
e.target.value = numericValue;
});

}

document.addEventListener(“DOMContentLoaded”, function () {
// Select the “I Accept” button by its ID or class (adjust selector based on your HTML)
const acceptButton = document.querySelector(“#cookie_action_close_header”); // Replace with the actual button’s class or ID

if (acceptButton) {
acceptButton.addEventListener(“click”, function () {
// Set the cookie with site-wide path and a long expiration date
document.cookie = “viewed_cookie_policy=yes; path=/; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT;”;
console.log(“Cookie consent accepted and cookie set.”);
});
}
});

</script>
<script>
jQuery(document).ready(function () {
jQuery(“.share-btn”).click(function () {
jQuery(“.m-share-events”).toggleClass(“active”);
});
});
</script>
<!– <script>
// Wait for the DOM content to be fully loaded
document.addEventListener(“DOMContentLoaded”, function() {
// Find the element with the class wpd-login-to-comment
var element = document.querySelector(‘.wpd-login-to-comment’);

// Check if the element exists
if (element) {
// Change the content of the element
// element.textContent = ‘Only Fair Observer members can comment. Please login to comment.’;

// Hide the element
element.style.display = ‘none’;
}
});
</script> –>

</html>

<p class=”hidden”>Total Views: 40</p>

if (this.cookieExist(name) === false) {
return false;
}
var _hostname = window.location.hostname;
var value = “”;
if (typeof index === ‘undefined’) {
index = 0;
}
if (index === 0) {
_hostname = _hostname.substring(_hostname.lastIndexOf(“.”, _hostname.lastIndexOf(“.”) – 1));
} else if (index === 1) {
_hostname = (Cli_Data.cookieDomain !== ” ? Cli_Data.cookieDomain : ”);
} else if (index === 2) {
if (_hostname.indexOf(“www”) != 1) {
_hostname = _hostname.replace(‘www’, ”);
}
}
index = index + 1;
document.cookie = name + “=” + value + expires + “;domain=” + _hostname + “;path=/”;
if (index <= 2) {
this.eraseCookie(name, expires, index);
}
},
exists: function(name) {
return (this.read(name) !== null);
},
getallcookies: function() {
var pairs = document.cookie.split(“;”);
var cookieslist = {};
for (var i = 0; i < pairs.length; i++) {
var pair = pairs[i].split(“=”);
cookieslist[(pair[0] + ”).trim()] = unescape(pair[1]);
}
return cookieslist;
},
cookieExist: function(name) {
cookie_pattern = new RegExp(“^(.*;)?\s*” + name + “\s*=\s*[^;]+(.*)?$”);
if (!document.cookie.match(cookie_pattern)) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
var CLI = {
bar_config: {},
consent: {},
allowedCategories: [],
showagain_config: {},
set: function(args) {
if (typeof JSON.parse !== “function”) {
console.log(“CookieLawInfo requires JSON.parse but your browser doesn’t support it”);
return;
}
if (typeof args.settings !== ‘object’) {
this.settings = JSON.parse(args.settings);
} else {
this.settings = args.settings;
}
this.bar_elm = jQuery(this.settings.notify_div_id);
this.showagain_elm = jQuery(this.settings.showagain_div_id);
this.banner_heading = jQuery(‘#wt-cli-cookie-banner-title’);

//buttons
this.main_button = jQuery(‘.cli-plugin-main-button’);
this.main_link = jQuery(‘.cli-plugin-main-link’);
this.reject_link = jQuery(‘.cookie_action_close_header_reject’);
this.settings_link = jQuery(‘.cli_settings_button’);
this.delete_link = jQuery(“.cookielawinfo-cookie-delete”);
this.accept_all_button = jQuery(‘.wt-cli-accept-all-btn’);
if (this.settings.cookie_bar_as == ‘popup’) {
CLI_COOKIEBAR_AS_POPUP = true;
}
this.cliRenewConsent();
this.configBar();
this.toggleBar();
this.attachDelete();
this.attachEvents();
this.configButtons();
this.addStyleAttribute();
this.settingsPopUp();
this.cookieLawInfoRunCallBacks();
this.acceptPageNavigation();
var cli_hidebar_on_readmore = this.hideBarInReadMoreLink();
if (this.settings.scroll_close === true && cli_hidebar_on_readmore === false) {
window.addEventListener(“scroll”, CLI.closeOnScroll, false);
}
},
hideBarInReadMoreLink: function() {
if (CLI.settings.button_2_hidebar === true && this.main_link.length > 0 && this.main_link.hasClass(‘cli-minimize-bar’)) {
jQuery(‘.wt-cli-cookie-bar-container’).addClass(‘wt-cli-hide-bar’);
this.hideHeader();
this.showagain_elm.slideDown(this.settings.animate_speed_show);
return true;
}
return false;
},
settingsPopUp: function() {
jQuery(document).on(‘click keypress’, ‘.cli_settings_button’, function(e) {
var key = e.which;
e.preventDefault();
if (key === 1 || key === 13) {
if (CLI.settings.cookie_setting_popup == true) {
jQuery(‘#cliSettingsPopup’).addClass(“cli-show”).css({
‘opacity’: 0
}).animate({
‘opacity’: 1
});
jQuery(‘#cliSettingsPopup’).removeClass(‘cli-blowup cli-out’).addClass(“cli-blowup”);
jQuery(‘#cliSettingsPopup’).attr(‘aria-hidden’, false);
jQuery(‘body’).addClass(“cli-modal-open”);
jQuery(“.cli-settings-overlay”).addClass(“cli-show”);
jQuery(“#cookie-law-info-bar”).css({
‘opacity’: .1
});
jQuery(“#cliModalClose”).focus();
if (!jQuery(‘.cli-settings-mobile’).is(‘:visible’)) {
jQuery(‘#cliSettingsPopup’).find(‘.cli-nav-link:eq(0)’).click();
}
} else {
jQuery(‘#cookie-law-info-bar .cli-tab-container’).slideToggle(CLI.settings.animate_speed_show);
}
}

});
jQuery(‘#cliModalClose’).click(function() {
CLI.settingsPopUpClose();
});
jQuery(‘#cliModalClose’).keydown(function(e) {
var key = e.which
if (key === 9) {
if (e.shiftKey === true) {
e.preventDefault()
jQuery(‘#wt-cli-privacy-save-btn’).focus()
}
}
});
document.addEventListener(‘keydown’, function(e) {
var key = e.which;
if (key === 27 && jQuery(‘#cliSettingsPopup’).hasClass(‘cli-show’)) {
CLI.settingsPopUpClose();
}
});
jQuery(“#cliSettingsPopup”).click(function(e) {
if (!(document.getElementsByClassName(‘cli-modal-dialog’)[0].contains(e.target))) {
CLI.settingsPopUpClose();
}
});
jQuery(‘.cli_enable_all_btn’).click(function() {
var cli_toggle_btn = jQuery(this);
var enable_text = cli_toggle_btn.attr(‘data-enable-text’);
var disable_text = cli_toggle_btn.attr(‘data-disable-text’);
if (cli_toggle_btn.hasClass(‘cli-enabled’)) {
CLI.disableAllCookies();
cli_toggle_btn.html(enable_text);
} else {
CLI.enableAllCookies();
cli_toggle_btn.html(disable_text);

}
jQuery(this).toggleClass(‘cli-enabled’);
});
this.settingsTabbedAccordion();
this.toggleUserPreferenceCheckBox();
this.privacyReadmore();
},
settingsTabbedAccordion: function() {
jQuery(document).on(‘click keypress’, ‘.cli-tab-header’, function(e) {
if (!(jQuery(e.target).hasClass(‘cli-slider’) || jQuery(e.target).hasClass(‘cli-user-preference-checkbox’))) {
var key = e.which;
e.preventDefault();
if (key === 1 || key === 13) {
var currentElement = jQuery(this);
var tabLink = currentElement.closest(‘.cli-tab-header’).find(‘.cli-nav-link’);
if (currentElement.hasClass(“cli-tab-active”)) {
currentElement.removeClass(“cli-tab-active”);
currentElement.siblings(“.cli-tab-content”).slideUp(200);
tabLink.attr(‘aria-expanded’, false);
} else {
jQuery(“.cli-tab-header”).removeClass(“cli-tab-active”);
currentElement.addClass(“cli-tab-active”);
jQuery(“.cli-tab-content”).slideUp(200);
currentElement.siblings(“.cli-tab-content”).slideDown(200);
tabLink.attr(‘aria-expanded’, true);
}
}
}
});
},
settingsPopUpClose: function() {
jQuery(‘#cliSettingsPopup’).removeClass(‘cli-show’);
jQuery(‘#cliSettingsPopup’).addClass(‘cli-out’);
jQuery(‘#cliSettingsPopup’).attr(‘aria-hidden’, true);
jQuery(‘body’).removeClass(“cli-modal-open”);
jQuery(“.cli-settings-overlay”).removeClass(“cli-show”);
jQuery(“#cookie-law-info-bar”).css({
‘opacity’: 1
});
jQuery(“.cli_settings_button”).focus();
},
toggleUserPreferenceCheckBox: function() {

jQuery(‘.cli-user-preference-checkbox’).each(function() {

}

});
jQuery(‘.cli-user-preference-checkbox’).click(function() {
var dataID = jQuery(this).attr(‘data-id’);
var currentToggleElm = jQuery(‘.cli-user-preference-checkbox[data-id=’ + dataID + ‘]’);
if (jQuery(this).is(‘:checked’)) {
CLI_Cookie.set(‘cookielawinfo-‘ + dataID, ‘yes’, CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_EXPIRE);
currentToggleElm.prop(‘checked’, true);
} else {
CLI_Cookie.set(‘cookielawinfo-‘ + dataID, ‘no’, CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_EXPIRE);
currentToggleElm.prop(‘checked’, false);
}
CLI.checkCategories();
CLI.generate_user_preference_cookie();
CLI.generateConsent();
});
},
attachEvents: function() {
jQuery(document).on(‘click keypress’, ‘.wt-cli-privacy-btn’, function(e) {
var key = e.which;
e.preventDefault();
if (key === 1 || key === 13) {
var action = jQuery(this).attr(‘data-cli-action’);
if (action === ‘accept_all’) {
CLI.enableAllCookies();
}
CLI.accept_close();
CLI.saveLog(‘accept’);
CLI.settingsPopUpClose();
}
});
jQuery(‘.wt-cli-privacy-overview-actions’).find(‘a’).last().keydown(function(e) {
var key = e.which
if (key === 9) {
if (e.shiftKey === false) {
e.preventDefault()
jQuery(‘#cliModalClose’).focus()
}
}
});
jQuery(document).on(‘click keypress’, ‘.cli_action_button’, function(e) {
var key = e.which;
e.preventDefault();
if (key === 1 || key === 13) {
var elm = jQuery(this);
var button_action = elm.attr(‘data-cli_action’);
var open_link = elm[0].hasAttribute(“href”) && elm.attr(“href”).charAt(0) !== ‘#’ ? true : false;
var new_window = false;
if (button_action == ‘accept’) {
if (e.originalEvent !== undefined) {

if (CLI.settings.accept_all == true) {
CLI.enableAllCookies();
}

} else {
CLI.settingsPopUpClose();
}
CLI.accept_close();
new_window = CLI.settings.button_1_new_win ? true : false;
} else if (button_action == ‘accept_all’) {
CLI.enableAllCookies();
CLI.accept_close();
new_window = CLI.settings.button_7_new_win ? true : false;
} else if (button_action == ‘reject’) {
CLI.disableAllCookies();
CLI.reject_close();
new_window = CLI.settings.button_3_new_win ? true : false;
}
CLI.saveLog(button_action);
if (open_link) {
if (new_window) {
window.open(elm.attr(“href”), ‘_blank’);
} else {
window.location.href = elm.attr(“href”);
}
}
}
});
jQuery(document).on(‘click’, ‘.cli_cookie_close_button’, function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var elm = jQuery(this);
var button_action = elm.attr(‘data-cli_action’);
if (CLI.settings.accept_all == true) {
CLI.enableAllCookies();
}
CLI.accept_close();
CLI.saveLog(button_action);
});
},
saveLog: function(button_action) {
if (CLI.settings.logging_on) {
var ccpaOptedOut = cliBlocker.ccpaOptedOut();
cookies = CLI_Cookie.getallcookies();
cookies.ccpaOptout = ccpaOptedOut;
jQuery.ajax({
url: log_object.ajax_url,
type: ‘POST’,
data: {
action: ‘wt_log_visitor_action’,
wt_clicked_button_id: ”,
wt_user_action: button_action,
cookie_list: cookies
},
success: function(response) {

}
});
}
},
attachDelete: function() {
this.delete_link.click(function() {
CLI_Cookie.erase(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME);
for (var k in Cli_Data.nn_cookie_ids) {
CLI_Cookie.erase(Cli_Data.nn_cookie_ids[k]);
}
CLI.generate_user_preference_cookie();
CLI.generateConsent();
window.location.reload();
return false;
});
},
configButtons: function() {
//[cookie_button]
this.main_button.css(‘color’, this.settings.button_1_link_colour);
if (this.settings.button_1_as_button) {
this.main_button.css(‘background-color’, this.settings.button_1_button_colour);
this.main_button.hover(function() {
jQuery(this).css(‘background-color’, CLI.settings.button_1_button_hover);
}, function() {
jQuery(this).css(‘background-color’, CLI.settings.button_1_button_colour);
});
}

//[cookie_link]
this.main_link.css(‘color’, this.settings.button_2_link_colour);
if (this.settings.button_2_as_button) {
this.main_link.css(‘background-color’, this.settings.button_2_button_colour);
this.main_link.hover(function() {
jQuery(this).css(‘background-color’, CLI.settings.button_2_button_hover);
}, function() {
jQuery(this).css(‘background-color’, CLI.settings.button_2_button_colour);
});
}

//[cookie_reject]
this.reject_link.css(‘color’, this.settings.button_3_link_colour);
if (this.settings.button_3_as_button) {
this.reject_link.css(‘background-color’, this.settings.button_3_button_colour);
this.reject_link.hover(function() {
jQuery(this).css(‘background-color’, CLI.settings.button_3_button_hover);
}, function() {
jQuery(this).css(‘background-color’, CLI.settings.button_3_button_colour);
});
}

//[cookie_settings]
this.settings_link.css(‘color’, this.settings.button_4_link_colour);
if (this.settings.button_4_as_button) {
this.settings_link.css(‘background-color’, this.settings.button_4_button_colour);
this.settings_link.hover(function() {
jQuery(this).css(‘background-color’, CLI.settings.button_4_button_hover);
}, function() {
jQuery(this).css(‘background-color’, CLI.settings.button_4_button_colour);
});
}

//[cookie_accept_all]
this.accept_all_button.css(‘color’, this.settings.button_7_link_colour);
if (this.settings.button_7_as_button) {
this.accept_all_button.css(‘background-color’, this.settings.button_7_button_colour);
this.accept_all_button.hover(function() {
jQuery(this).css(‘background-color’, CLI.settings.button_7_button_hover);
}, function() {
jQuery(this).css(‘background-color’, CLI.settings.button_7_button_colour);
});
}

},
toggleBar: function() {
if (CLI_COOKIEBAR_AS_POPUP) {
this.barAsPopUp(1);
}
if (CLI.settings.cookie_bar_as == ‘widget’) {
this.barAsWidget(1);
}
if (this.settings.show_once_yn) {

setTimeout(function() {
if (!CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME)) {
CLI.close_header();
}
}, CLI.settings.show_once);
}
this.showagain_elm.on(‘click keypress’, function(e) {
var key = e.which;
if (key === 1 || key === 13) {
e.preventDefault();
CLI.showagain_elm.slideUp(CLI.settings.animate_speed_hide, function() {
CLI.bar_elm.slideDown(CLI.settings.animate_speed_show);
CLI.refocusElement();
if (CLI_COOKIEBAR_AS_POPUP) {
CLI.showPopupOverlay();
}
});
}
});
},
configShowAgain: function() {
this.showagain_config = {
‘background-color’: this.settings.background,
‘color’: this.settings.text,
‘position’: ‘fixed’,
‘font-family’: this.settings.font_family
};
if (this.settings.border_on) {
var border_to_hide = ‘border-‘ + this.settings.notify_position_vertical;
this.showagain_config[‘border’] = ‘1px solid ‘ + this.l1hs(this.settings.border);
this.showagain_config[border_to_hide] = ‘none’;
}
var cli_win = jQuery(window);
var cli_winw = cli_win.width();
var showagain_x_pos = this.settings.showagain_x_position;
if (cli_winw < 300) {
showagain_x_pos = 10;
this.showagain_config.width = cli_winw – 20;
} else {
this.showagain_config.width = ‘auto’;
}
var cli_defw = cli_winw > 400 ? 500 : cli_winw – 20;
if (CLI_COOKIEBAR_AS_POPUP) //cookie bar as popup
{
var sa_pos = this.settings.popup_showagain_position;
var sa_pos_arr = sa_pos.split(‘-‘);
if (sa_pos_arr[1] == ‘left’) {
this.showagain_config.left = showagain_x_pos;
} else if (sa_pos_arr[1] == ‘right’) {
this.showagain_config.right = showagain_x_pos;
}
if (sa_pos_arr[0] == ‘top’) {
this.showagain_config.top = 0;

} else if (sa_pos_arr[0] == ‘bottom’) {
this.showagain_config.bottom = 0;
}
this.bar_config[‘position’] = ‘fixed’;

} else if (this.settings.cookie_bar_as == ‘widget’) {
this.showagain_config.bottom = 0;
if (this.settings.widget_position == ‘left’) {
this.showagain_config.left = showagain_x_pos;
} else if (this.settings.widget_position == ‘right’) {
this.showagain_config.right = showagain_x_pos;
}
} else {
if (this.settings.notify_position_vertical == “top”) {
this.showagain_config.top = ‘0’;
} else if (this.settings.notify_position_vertical == “bottom”) {
this.bar_config[‘position’] = ‘fixed’;
this.bar_config[‘bottom’] = ‘0’;
this.showagain_config.bottom = ‘0’;
}
if (this.settings.notify_position_horizontal == “left”) {
this.showagain_config.left = showagain_x_pos;
} else if (this.settings.notify_position_horizontal == “right”) {
this.showagain_config.right = showagain_x_pos;
}
}
this.showagain_elm.css(this.showagain_config);
},
configBar: function() {
var templateID = ”;
this.bar_config = {
‘background-color’: this.settings.background,
‘color’: this.settings.text,
‘font-family’: this.settings.font_family
};
if (jQuery(“.wt-cli-template”)[0]) {
var templateElm = jQuery(“.wt-cli-template”);
var templateClasses = templateElm.attr(‘class’);
var templateClasses = templateClasses.split(” “);
var matchingID = templateClasses.filter(function(value) {

return value.match(/bcli-style/);

});
templateID = matchingID[0];
this.bar_elm.attr(‘data-template-id’, templateID);
}
if (jQuery(“.wt-cli-category-widget”)[0]) {
this.bar_elm.addClass(‘wt-cli-category-widget-active’);
}
if (this.settings.cookie_setting_popup === false) {
this.barPopupStyle();
}
if (this.settings.notify_position_vertical == “top”) {
this.bar_config[‘top’] = ‘0’;
if (this.settings.header_fix === true) {
this.bar_config[‘position’] = ‘fixed’;
}
} else {
this.bar_config[‘bottom’] = ‘0’;
}
this.configShowAgain();
this.bar_elm.css(this.bar_config).hide();
},
l1hs: function(str) {
if (str.charAt(0) == “#”) {
str = str.substring(1, str.length);
} else {
return “#” + str;
}
return this.l1hs(str);
},
close_header: function() {
CLI_Cookie.set(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME, ‘yes’, CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_EXPIRE);
if (CLI.settings.accept_all == true) {
CLI.enableAllCookies();
}
CLI.accept_close();
this.hideHeader();
CLI.saveLog(‘accept’);

},
accept_close: function() {

this.hidePopupOverlay();
CLI_Cookie.set(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME, ‘yes’, CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_EXPIRE);
if (this.settings.notify_animate_hide) {
this.bar_elm.slideUp(this.settings.animate_speed_hide, cliBlocker.runScripts);
} else {
this.bar_elm.hide(0, cliBlocker.runScripts);
}
if (this.settings.showagain_tab) {
this.showagain_elm.slideDown(this.settings.animate_speed_show);
this.showagain_elm.focus();
}
this.generate_user_preference_cookie();
this.generateConsent();
CLI.cookieLawInfoRunCallBacks();
if (this.settings.accept_close_reload === true) {
this.reload_current_page();
}

return false;
},
reject_close: function() {
this.hidePopupOverlay();
for (var k in Cli_Data.nn_cookie_ids) {
CLI_Cookie.erase(Cli_Data.nn_cookie_ids[k]);
}
CLI_Cookie.set(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME, ‘no’, CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_EXPIRE);
if (this.settings.notify_animate_hide) {
this.bar_elm.slideUp(this.settings.animate_speed_hide, cliBlocker.runScripts);
} else {
this.bar_elm.hide(0, cliBlocker.runScripts);
}
if (this.settings.showagain_tab) {
this.showagain_elm.slideDown(this.settings.animate_speed_show);
this.showagain_elm.focus();

}
this.generate_user_preference_cookie();
CLI.generateConsent();
if (this.settings.reject_close_reload === true) {
this.reload_current_page();
}
return false;
},
generate_user_preference_cookie: function() {
var cli_user_preference_arr = new Array();
var cli_user_preference_val = ”;
if (CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME)) {
cli_user_preference_arr.push(‘cli-‘ + CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME));
}
jQuery(‘.cli-user-preference-checkbox’).each(function() {
if (jQuery(this).is(‘:checked’)) {
cli_user_preference_arr.push(jQuery(this).attr(‘data-id’) + ‘-yes’);
} else {
cli_user_preference_arr.push(jQuery(this).attr(‘data-id’) + ‘-no’);
}
});
if (cli_user_preference_arr.length > 0) {
cli_user_preference_val = Cli_Data.current_lang + ‘-‘ + cli_user_preference_arr.join(‘-‘);
}
CLI_Cookie.set(‘cli_user_preference’, cli_user_preference_val, CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_EXPIRE);
},
isBase64: function(str) {
if (str === ” || str.trim() === ”) {
return false;
}
try {
return btoa(atob(str)) == str;
} catch (err) {
return false;
}
},
generateConsent: function() {
var preferenceCookie = CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_PREFERNCE_COOKIE);
cliConsent = {};
if (preferenceCookie !== null) {
if (CLI.isBase64(preferenceCookie)) {
cliConsent = window.atob(preferenceCookie);
} else {
cliConsent = decodeURIComponent(preferenceCookie);
}
cliConsent = JSON.parse(cliConsent);
}
cliConsent.ver = Cli_Data.consentVersion;
categories = [];
jQuery(‘.cli-user-preference-checkbox’).each(function() {
categoryVal = ”;
cli_chkbox_data_id = jQuery(this).attr(‘data-id’);
cli_chkbox_data_id = cli_chkbox_data_id.replace(‘checkbox-‘, ”);
if (jQuery(this).is(‘:checked’)) {
categoryVal = ‘true’;
} else {
categoryVal = ‘false’;
}
cliConsent[cli_chkbox_data_id] = categoryVal;

});
cliConsent = JSON.stringify(cliConsent);
cliConsent = window.btoa(cliConsent);
CLI_Cookie.set(CLI_PREFERNCE_COOKIE, cliConsent, CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_EXPIRE);
},
cliRenewConsent: function() {
var preferenceCookie = CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_PREFERNCE_COOKIE);
if (preferenceCookie !== null) {
if (CLI.isBase64(preferenceCookie)) {
cliConsent = window.atob(preferenceCookie);
} else {
cliConsent = decodeURIComponent(preferenceCookie);
}
cliConsent = JSON.parse(cliConsent);
consentCurrentVersion = parseInt(cliConsent.ver);
consentRenewVersion = parseInt(Cli_Data.consentVersion);
if (typeof(cliConsent.ver) !== ‘undefined’) {
if (cliConsent.ver !== Cli_Data.consentVersion) {
CLI_Cookie.erase(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME);
CLI_Cookie.erase(CLI_PREFERNCE_COOKIE);
CLI_Cookie.erase(‘cli_user_preference’);
for (var k in Cli_Data.nn_cookie_ids) {
CLI_Cookie.erase(Cli_Data.nn_cookie_ids[k]);
}
}
}
}

},
reload_current_page: function() {
window.location.reload();
},
add_clear_cache_url_query: function() {
var cli_rand = new Date().getTime() / 1000;
var cli_url = window.location.href;
var cli_hash_arr = cli_url.split(‘#’);
var cli_urlparts = cli_hash_arr[0].split(‘?’);
if (cli_urlparts.length >= 2) {
var cli_url_arr = cli_urlparts[1].split(‘&’);
cli_url_temp_arr = new Array();
for (var cli_i = 0; cli_i < cli_url_arr.length; cli_i++) {
var cli_temp_url_arr = cli_url_arr[cli_i].split(‘=’);
if (cli_temp_url_arr[0] == ‘cli_action’) {

} else {
cli_url_temp_arr.push(cli_url_arr[cli_i]);
}
}
cli_urlparts[1] = cli_url_temp_arr.join(‘&’);
cli_url = cli_urlparts.join(‘?’) + (cli_url_temp_arr.length > 0 ? ‘&’ : ”) + ‘cli_action=’;
} else {
cli_url = cli_hash_arr[0] + ‘?cli_action=’;
}
cli_url += cli_rand;
if (cli_hash_arr.length > 1) {
cli_url += ‘#’ + cli_hash_arr[1];
}
return cli_url;
},
closeOnScroll: function() {
if (window.pageYOffset > 100 && !CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME)) {
if (CLI.settings.accept_all == true) {
CLI.enableAllCookies();
}
CLI.accept_close();
CLI.saveLog(‘accept’);
if (CLI.settings.scroll_close_reload === true) {
window.location.reload();
}
window.removeEventListener(“scroll”, CLI.closeOnScroll, false);
}
},
displayHeader: function() {
if (this.settings.notify_animate_show) {
this.bar_elm.slideDown(this.settings.animate_speed_show);
} else {
this.bar_elm.show();
CLI.refocusElement();
}
this.showagain_elm.hide();
if (CLI_COOKIEBAR_AS_POPUP) {
this.showPopupOverlay();
}
},
hideHeader: function() {
if (this.settings.showagain_tab) {
if (this.settings.notify_animate_show) {
this.showagain_elm.slideDown(this.settings.animate_speed_show);
} else {
this.showagain_elm.show();
}
} else {
this.showagain_elm.hide();
}
this.bar_elm.slideUp(this.settings.animate_speed_show);
this.hidePopupOverlay();
},
hidePopupOverlay: function() {

jQuery(‘body’).removeClass(“cli-barmodal-open”);
jQuery(“.cli-popupbar-overlay”).removeClass(“cli-show”);
},
showPopupOverlay: function() {
if (this.bar_elm.length) {
if (this.settings.popup_overlay) {

if (!(this.main_link.hasClass(‘cli-minimize-bar’))) {
jQuery(‘body’).addClass(“cli-barmodal-open”);
jQuery(“.cli-popupbar-overlay”).addClass(“cli-show”);
}

}
}

},
barAsWidget: function(a) {
var cli_elm = this.bar_elm;
cli_elm.attr(‘data-cli-type’, ‘widget’);
var cli_win = jQuery(window);
var cli_winh = cli_win.height() – 40;
var cli_winw = cli_win.width();
var cli_defw = cli_winw > 465 ? 445 : cli_winw – 60;
cli_elm.css({
‘width’: cli_defw,
‘height’: ‘auto’,
‘max-height’: cli_winh,
‘overflow’: ‘auto’,
‘position’: ‘fixed’,
‘box-shadow’: ‘rgba(0,0,0,.5) 0px 5px 10px’,
‘box-sizing’: ‘border-box’
});
if (this.settings.widget_position == ‘left’) {
cli_elm.css({
‘left’: ’30px’,
‘right’: ‘auto’,
‘bottom’: ’30px’,
‘top’: ‘auto’
});
} else {
cli_elm.css({
‘left’: ‘auto’,
‘right’: ’30px’,
‘bottom’: ’30px’,
‘top’: ‘auto’
});
}
if (a) {
this.setResize();
}
},
barAsPopUp: function(a) {
if (typeof cookie_law_info_bar_as_popup === ‘function’) {
return false;
}
var cli_elm = this.bar_elm;
cli_elm.attr(‘data-cli-type’, ‘popup’);
var cli_win = jQuery(window);
var cli_winh = cli_win.height();
var cli_defh = cli_winh > 500 ? 500 : cli_winh;
var cli_winw = cli_win.width();
var cli_defw = cli_winw > 700 ? 500 : cli_winw – 20;
//var cli_defw=cli_defw<500 ? 500 : cli_defw;
cli_elm.css({
‘width’: cli_defw,
‘height’: ‘auto’,
‘max-height’: cli_defh,
‘bottom’: ”,
‘top’: ‘50%’,
‘left’: ‘50%’,
‘transform’: ‘translate(-50%, -50%)’,
‘overflow’: ‘auto’
});
if (a) {
this.setResize();
}
},
setResize: function() {
var resizeTmr = null;
jQuery(window).resize(function() {
clearTimeout(resizeTmr);
resizeTmr = setTimeout(function() {
if (CLI_COOKIEBAR_AS_POPUP) {
CLI.barAsPopUp();
}
if (CLI.settings.cookie_bar_as == ‘widget’) {
CLI.barAsWidget();
}
CLI.configShowAgain();
}, 500);
});
},
isValidHex: function(color) {
if (!color || typeof color !== ‘string’) return false;

// Validate hex values
if (color.substring(0, 1) === ‘#’) color = color.substring(1);

switch (color.length) {
case 3:
return /^[0-9A-F]{3}$/i.test(color);
case 6:
return /^[0-9A-F]{6}$/i.test(color);
case 8:
return /^[0-9A-F]{8}$/i.test(color);
default:
return false;
}
return false;
},
ColorLuminance: function(hex, lum) {
// validate hex string
hex = String(hex).replace(/[^0-9a-f]/gi, ”);
if (hex.length < 6) {
hex = hex[0] + hex[0] + hex[1] + hex[1] + hex[2] + hex[2];
}
lum = lum || 0;
// convert to decimal and change luminosity
var rgb = “#”,
c, i;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
c = parseInt(hex.substr(i * 2, 2), 16);
c = Math.round(Math.min(Math.max(0, c + (c * lum)), 255)).toString(16);
rgb += (“00” + c).substr(c.length);
}
return rgb;
},
rgb2hex: function(rgb) {
rgb = rgb.match(/^rgba?[s+]?([s+]?(d+)[s+]?,[s+]?(d+)[s+]?,[s+]?(d+)[s+]?/i);
return (rgb && rgb.length === 4) ? “#” +
(“0” + parseInt(rgb[1], 10).toString(16)).slice(-2) +
(“0” + parseInt(rgb[2], 10).toString(16)).slice(-2) +
(“0″ + parseInt(rgb[3], 10).toString(16)).slice(-2) : ”;
},
lightOrDark: function(color) {

// Variables for red, green, blue values
var r, g, b, hsp;

// Check the format of the color, HEX or RGB?
if (color.match(/^rgb/)) {

// If HEX –> store the red, green, blue values in separate variables
color = color.match(/^rgba?((d+),s*(d+),s*(d+)(?:,s*(d+(?:.d+)?))?)$/);

r = color[1];
g = color[2];
b = color[3];
} else {

// If RGB –> Convert it to HEX: http://gist.github.com/983661
color = +(“0x” + color.slice(1).replace(
color.length < 5 && /./g, ‘$&$&’));

r = color >> 16;
g = color >> 8 & 255;
b = color & 255;
}

// HSP (Highly Sensitive Poo) equation from http://alienryderflex.com/hsp.html
hsp = Math.sqrt(
0.299 * (r * r) +
0.587 * (g * g) +
0.114 * (b * b)
);

// Using the HSP value, determine whether the color is light or dark
if (hsp > 127.5) {

return ‘light’;
} else {

return ‘dark’;
}
},
barPopupStyle: function() {
var acceptBtn = jQuery(‘.cli_action_button[data-cli_action=accept]’);
var primaryColor = this.settings.button_1_button_colour;
var primaryLinkColor = this.settings.button_1_link_colour;
var barColor = this.settings.background;
var extractedStyle = ”;
var primaryBtnStyle = this.settings.button_1_style;
Object.keys(primaryBtnStyle).forEach(function(element) {
extractedStyle += primaryBtnStyle[element][0] + ‘:’ + primaryBtnStyle[element][1] + ‘;’;
});
var shadeColor;
if (!CLI.isValidHex(barColor)) {
barColor = CLI.rgb2hex(barColor);
}
if (barColor == “#000000”) {
shadeColor = ‘#191919’;
} else {
var intensity = CLI.lightOrDark(barColor);
if (intensity == ‘light’) {
shadeColor = CLI.ColorLuminance(barColor, -0.05);
} else {
shadeColor = CLI.ColorLuminance(barColor, 0.4);
}
}
jQuery(“<style>”)
.prop(“type”, “text/css”)
.html(”
#cookie-law-info-bar .cli-switch input:checked + .cli-slider{
background-color: ” + primaryColor + “;
}
#cookie-law-info-bar .cli-tab-header{
background-color: ” + shadeColor + ”
}
#cookie-law-info-bar .cli-switch .cli-slider:before{
background-color: ” + barColor + “;
}
#cookie-law-info-bar .cli-tab-footer .cli-btn{
background-color:” + primaryColor + “;” + extractedStyle + ”
}
“).appendTo(“head”);

},
enableAllCookies: function() {

jQuery(‘.cli-user-preference-checkbox’).each(function() {
var cli_chkbox_elm = jQuery(this);
var cli_chkbox_data_id = cli_chkbox_elm.attr(‘data-id’);
if (cli_chkbox_data_id != ‘checkbox-necessary’) {
cli_chkbox_elm.prop(‘checked’, true);
CLI_Cookie.set(‘cookielawinfo-‘ + cli_chkbox_data_id, ‘yes’, CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_EXPIRE);
}
});
},
disableAllCookies: function() {
jQuery(‘.cli-user-preference-checkbox’).each(function() {

var cli_chkbox_elm = jQuery(this);
var cli_chkbox_data_id = cli_chkbox_elm.attr(‘data-id’);
cliCategorySlug = cli_chkbox_data_id.replace(‘checkbox-‘, ”);
if (Cli_Data.strictlyEnabled.indexOf(cliCategorySlug) === -1) {
cli_chkbox_elm.prop(‘checked’, false);
CLI_Cookie.set(‘cookielawinfo-‘ + cli_chkbox_data_id, ‘no’, CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_EXPIRE);
}
});
},
privacyReadmore: function() {
var originalHtml = ”;

Trunc = {
addReadmore: function(textBlock) {
if (textBlock.html().length > Cli_Data.privacy_length) {
jQuery(‘.cli-privacy-readmore’).show();
} else {
jQuery(‘.cli-privacy-readmore’).hide();
}
},
truncateText: function(textBlock) {
var strippedText = jQuery(‘<div />’).html(textBlock.html());
strippedText.find(‘table’).remove();
textBlock.html(strippedText.html());
currentText = textBlock.text();
if (currentText.trim().length > Cli_Data.privacy_length) {
var newStr = currentText.substring(0, Cli_Data.privacy_length);
textBlock.empty().html(newStr).append(‘…’);
}
},
replaceText: function(textBlock, original) {
return textBlock.html(original);
}
};

jQuery(‘.cli-privacy-content .cli-privacy-content-text’).each(function() {
var el = jQuery(this);
clone = el.clone();
originalHtml = clone.html();
Trunc.addReadmore(el);
Trunc.truncateText(el);
});

jQuery(document).on(‘click keypress’, ‘a.cli-privacy-readmore’, function(e) {
var key = e.which;
e.preventDefault();
if (key === 1 || key === 13) {

var currentElement = jQuery(this);
var privacyElement = currentElement.closest(‘.cli-privacy-overview’);
var privacyContent = privacyElement.find(‘.cli-privacy-content-text’);

if (privacyElement.hasClass(‘cli-collapsed’)) {
Trunc.truncateText(privacyContent);
privacyElement.removeClass(‘cli-collapsed’);
privacyContent.css(‘height’, ‘100%’);
} else {
privacyElement.addClass(‘cli-collapsed’);
Trunc.replaceText(privacyContent, originalHtml);
}
}
});
},
checkCategories: function() {
var cliAllowedCategories = [];
var cli_categories = {};
jQuery(‘.cli-user-preference-checkbox’).each(function() {
var status = false;
cli_chkbox_elm = jQuery(this);
cli_chkbox_data_id = cli_chkbox_elm.attr(‘data-id’);
cli_chkbox_data_id = cli_chkbox_data_id.replace(‘checkbox-‘, ”);
cli_chkbox_data_id_trimmed = cli_chkbox_data_id.replace(‘-‘, ‘_’)
if (jQuery(cli_chkbox_elm).is(‘:checked’)) {
status = true;
cliAllowedCategories.push(cli_chkbox_data_id);
}

cli_categories[cli_chkbox_data_id_trimmed] = status;
});
CLI.allowedCategories = cliAllowedCategories;
CLI.consent = cli_categories;
},
cookieLawInfoRunCallBacks: function() {
this.checkCategories();
if (CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME) == ‘yes’) {
if (“function” == typeof CookieLawInfo_Accept_Callback) {
CookieLawInfo_Accept_Callback();
}
}
},
addStyleAttribute: function() {
var bar = this.bar_elm;
var styleClass = ”;
if (jQuery(bar).find(‘.cli-bar-container’).length > 0) {
styleClass = jQuery(‘.cli-bar-container’).attr(‘class’);
styleClass = jQuery.trim(styleClass.replace(‘cli-bar-container’, ”));
jQuery(bar).attr(‘data-cli-style’, styleClass);
}
},
getParameterByName: function(name, url) {
if (!url) url = window.location.href;
name = name.replace(/[[]]/g, ‘\$&’);
var regex = new RegExp(‘[?&]’ + name + ‘(=([^&#]*)|&|#|$)’),
results = regex.exec(url);
if (!results) return null;
if (!results[2]) return ”;
return decodeURIComponent(results[2].replace(/+/g, ‘ ‘));
},
acceptPageNavigation: function() {
if (Boolean(this.settings.accept_close_page_navigation) === true && !CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME)) {
jQuery(document).on(‘click’, ‘a’, function() {
var href = jQuery(this).attr(‘href’);
if (href !== undefined) {
CLI.close_header();
}
});
}
},
refocusElement: function() {
if (this.banner_heading.length > 0) {
this.banner_heading.focus();
} else {
this.bar_elm.find(‘a’).first().focus();
}
}
}
var cliBlocker = {
blockingStatus: true,
geoIP: false,
scriptsLoaded: false,
ccpaEnabled: false,
ccpaRegionBased: false,
ccpaApplicable: false,
ccpaBarEnabled: false,
cliShowBar: true,
isBypassEnabled: CLI.getParameterByName(‘cli_bypass’),
checkPluginStatus: function(callbackA, callbackB) {

cliBlocker.ccpaEnabled = Boolean(Cli_Data.ccpaEnabled);
cliBlocker.ccpaRegionBased = Boolean(Cli_Data.ccpaRegionBased);
cliBlocker.ccpaBarEnabled = Boolean(Cli_Data.ccpaBarEnabled);
if (cliBlocker.ccpaEnabled === true) {
cliBlocker.ccpaApplicable = true;
if (Cli_Data.ccpaType === ‘ccpa’) {
cliBlocker.blockingStatus = false;
cliBlocker.cliShowBar = false;
if (cliBlocker.ccpaBarEnabled === true) {
cliBlocker.cliShowBar = true;
cliBlocker.blockingStatus = true;
}
}
}

if (Cli_Data.geoIP === ‘enabled’ || (cliBlocker.ccpaEnabled === true && cliBlocker.ccpaRegionBased === true)) {
if (Boolean(Cli_Data.use_custom_geolocation_api) === true) {

cliBlocker.tryCustomGeoLocationService(callbackA, callbackB);

} else {
jQuery.getJSON(‘https://ipapi.co/json/’, function(data) {
cliBlocker.geolocationHandler(data, callbackA, callbackB);

}).fail(function() {

cliBlocker.tryCustomGeoLocationService(callbackA, callbackB);

});
}

} else {
if (cliBlocker.isBypassEnabled === “1”) {
cliBlocker.blockingStatus = false;
}
callbackA();
callbackB();
}

},
tryCustomGeoLocationService: function(callbackA, callbackB) {
jQuery.getJSON(Cli_Data.custom_geolocation_api, function(data) {
cliBlocker.geolocationHandler(data, callbackA, callbackB);
});
},
geolocationHandler: function(data, callbackA, callbackB) {
var euCountries = Cli_Data.eu_countries;
if ((data.in_eu === false) && (euCountries.indexOf(data.country) === -1)) {
if (Cli_Data.geoIP === ‘enabled’) {
cliBlocker.blockingStatus = false;
cliBlocker.cliShowBar = false;
} else {
if (Cli_Data.ccpaType !== ‘ccpa’) {
cliBlocker.blockingStatus = true;
cliBlocker.cliShowBar = true;
}
}
} else {
jQuery(‘body’).addClass(‘wt-cli-geoip-on wt-cli-eu-country’);
}
if (cliBlocker.ccpaEnabled === true) {
if (cliBlocker.ccpaRegionBased === true && data.region_code !== ‘CA’) {
cliBlocker.ccpaApplicable = false;
if (Cli_Data.ccpaType === ‘ccpa’) {
cliBlocker.cliShowBar = false;
cliBlocker.blockingStatus = false;
}
jQuery(‘.wt-cli-ccpa-opt-out,.wt-cli-ccpa-checkbox,.wt-cli-ccpa-element’).remove();
} else {
cliBlocker.ccpaApplicable = true;
if (cliBlocker.ccpaBarEnabled === true) {
cliBlocker.cliShowBar = true;
}
}

}
if (cliBlocker.blockingStatus === false) {

if (“function” == typeof CookieLawInfo_Accept_Callback) {
CookieLawInfo_Accept_Callback();
}
jQuery(‘body’).addClass(‘wt-cli-geoip-on wt-cli-non-eu-country’);
CLI.hidePopupOverlay();
if (cliBlocker.ccpaApplicable !== true) {
cliBlocker.removeAllPreferenceCookies();
jQuery(‘.wt-cli-geoip-on.wt-cli-non-eu-country’).find(‘.wt-cli-element’).remove();

}
}
callbackA();
callbackB();
},
cookieBar: function() {
if (cliBlocker.cliShowBar === false) {
jQuery(‘.wt-cli-cookie-bar-container’).remove();
} else {
jQuery(‘.wt-cli-cookie-bar-container’).show();
if (!CLI_Cookie.exists(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME)) {
CLI.displayHeader();

} else {
CLI.hideHeader();
}
}
},
removeAllPreferenceCookies: function() {
cliPreferenceCookies = Cli_Data.cookielist;
for (var key in cliPreferenceCookies) {
CLI_Cookie.erase(‘cookielawinfo-checkbox-‘ + key);
}
},
removeCookieByCategory: function() {

if (cliBlocker.blockingStatus === true) {
if (CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME) !== null) {
var non_necessary_cookies = Cli_Data.non_necessary_cookies;
for (var key in non_necessary_cookies) {
currentCategory = key;
if (CLI.allowedCategories.indexOf(currentCategory) === -1) {
var nonNecessaryCookies = non_necessary_cookies[currentCategory];
for (var i = 0; i < nonNecessaryCookies.length; i++) {
if (CLI_Cookie.read(nonNecessaryCookies[i]) !== null) {
CLI_Cookie.erase(nonNecessaryCookies[i]);
}

}
}
}
}
}
},
runScripts: function() {
srcReplaceableElms = [‘iframe’, ‘IFRAME’, ‘EMBED’, ’embed’, ‘OBJECT’, ‘object’, ‘IMG’, ‘img’, ‘SOURCE’, ‘source’];
var genericFuncs = {

renderByElement: function(callback) {
cliScriptFuncs.renderScripts();
cliHtmlElmFuncs.renderSrcElement();
callback();
cliBlocker.scriptsLoaded = true;
},
reviewConsent: function() {
jQuery(document).on(‘click’, ‘.cli_manage_current_consent,.wt-cli-manage-consent-link’, function() {
CLI.bar_elm.slideDown(CLI.settings.animate_speed_show);
});
}

};
var cliScriptFuncs = {
// trigger DOMContentLoaded
scriptsDone: function() {
if (Boolean(Cli_Data.triggerDomRefresh) === true) {
var DOMContentLoadedEvent = document.createEvent(‘Event’)
DOMContentLoadedEvent.initEvent(‘DOMContentLoaded’, true, true)
window.document.dispatchEvent(DOMContentLoadedEvent)
}
},
seq: function(arr, callback, index) {
// first call, without an index
if (typeof index === ‘undefined’) {
index = 0
}

arr[index](function() {
index++
if (index === arr.length) {
callback()
} else {
cliScriptFuncs.seq(arr, callback, index)
}
})
},
/* script runner */
insertScript: function($script, callback) {

if (cliBlocker.blockingStatus === true) {

if ((CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME) == ‘yes’ && CLI.allowedCategories.indexOf(scriptType) !== -1) || (CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME) == null && isBlock === ‘false’)) {
s.setAttribute(‘data-cli-consent’, ‘accepted’);
s.type = ‘text/javascript’;

}
if (Cli_Data.ccpaType === ‘ccpa’ && blockIfCCPA !== ‘true’) {
s.type = ‘text/javascript’;
}
} else {
s.type = ‘text/javascript’;
}
if (cliBlocker.ccpaApplicable === true && blockIfCCPA === ‘true’) {
if (ccpaOptedOut === true || CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME) == null) {
s.type = ‘text/plain’;
}
}

if ($script.type != s.type) {
$script.parentNode.insertBefore(s, $script);
if (!$script.src) {
callback()
}
$script.parentNode.removeChild($script);
} else {
callback();
}
},
renderScripts: function() {
var $scripts = document.querySelectorAll(‘script[data-cli-class=”cli-blocker-script”]’);
if ($scripts.length > 0) {
var runList = []
var typeAttr
Array.prototype.forEach.call($scripts, function($script) {

// only run script tags without the type attribute
// or with a javascript mime attribute value
typeAttr = $script.getAttribute(‘type’)
var elmType = $script.tagName;
runList.push(function(callback) {
cliScriptFuncs.insertScript($script, callback)
})
})
cliScriptFuncs.seq(runList, cliScriptFuncs.scriptsDone);
}
}
};
var cliHtmlElmFuncs = {
renderSrcElement: function() {
var blockingElms = document.querySelectorAll(‘[data-cli-class=”cli-blocker-script”]’);
var ccpaOptedOut = cliBlocker.ccpaOptedOut();
for (var i = 0; i < blockingElms.length; i++) {
var currentElm = blockingElms[i];
var elmType = currentElm.tagName;
if (srcReplaceableElms.indexOf(elmType) !== -1) {
var elmCategory = currentElm.getAttribute(‘data-cli-script-type’);
var isBlock = currentElm.getAttribute(‘data-cli-block’);
var blockIfCCPA = currentElm.getAttribute(‘data-cli-block-if-ccpa-optout’);
if (cliBlocker.blockingStatus === true) {
if ((CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME) == ‘yes’ && CLI.allowedCategories.indexOf(elmCategory) !== -1) || (CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME) == null && isBlock === ‘false’)) {
if (cliBlocker.ccpaApplicable == true && blockIfCCPA === ‘true’ && ccpaOptedOut === true) {
this.addPlaceholder(currentElm);
} else {
this.replaceSrc(currentElm);
}
} else {
if (Cli_Data.ccpaType === ‘ccpa’ && blockIfCCPA !== ‘true’) {
this.replaceSrc(currentElm);
} else {
this.addPlaceholder(currentElm);
}

}

} else {
if (cliBlocker.ccpaApplicable == true && blockIfCCPA === ‘true’) {
if (ccpaOptedOut === true || CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_ACCEPT_COOKIE_NAME) == null) {
this.addPlaceholder(currentElm);
} else {
this.replaceSrc(currentElm);
}

} else {
this.replaceSrc(currentElm);
}
}
}
}
},
addPlaceholder: function(htmlElm) {
if (jQuery(htmlElm).prev(‘.wt-cli-iframe-placeholder’).length === 0) {
var htmlElemName = htmlElm.getAttribute(‘data-cli-label’);
var htmlElemType = htmlElm.getAttribute(‘data-cli-placeholder’);
var htmlElemWidth = htmlElm.getAttribute(‘width’);
var htmlElemHeight = htmlElm.getAttribute(‘height’);
if (htmlElemWidth == null) {
htmlElemWidth = htmlElm.offsetWidth;
}
if (htmlElemHeight == null) {
htmlElemHeight = htmlElm.offsetHeight;
}
pixelPattern = /px/;
htmlElemWidth = ((pixelPattern.test(htmlElemWidth)) ? htmlElemWidth : htmlElemWidth + ‘px’);
htmlElemHeight = ((pixelPattern.test(htmlElemHeight)) ? htmlElemHeight : htmlElemHeight + ‘px’);
var addPlaceholder = ‘<div style=”width:’ + htmlElemWidth + ‘; height:’ + htmlElemHeight + ‘;” class=”wt-cli-iframe-placeholder”><div class=”wt-cli-inner-text”>’ + htmlElemType + ‘</div></div>’;
addPlaceholder.width = htmlElemWidth;
addPlaceholder.height = htmlElemHeight;
if (htmlElm.tagName !== ‘IMG’) {
jQuery(addPlaceholder).insertBefore(htmlElm);
}
htmlElm.removeAttribute(‘src’);
htmlElm.style.display = ‘none’;
}
},
replaceSrc: function(htmlElm) {
if (!htmlElm.hasAttribute(‘src’)) {
var htmlElemSrc = htmlElm.getAttribute(‘data-cli-src’);
htmlElm.setAttribute(‘src’, htmlElemSrc);
if (jQuery(htmlElm).prev(‘.wt-cli-iframe-placeholder’).length > 0) {
jQuery(htmlElm).prev(‘.wt-cli-iframe-placeholder’).remove();
}
htmlElm.style.display = ‘block’;
}
}
};

genericFuncs.reviewConsent();
genericFuncs.renderByElement(cliBlocker.removeCookieByCategory);
},
ccpaOptedOut: function() {
var ccpaOptedOut = false;
var preferenceCookie = CLI_Cookie.read(CLI_PREFERNCE_COOKIE);
if (preferenceCookie !== null) {
if (CLI.isBase64(preferenceCookie)) {
cliConsent = window.atob(preferenceCookie);
} else {
cliConsent = decodeURIComponent(preferenceCookie);
}
cliConsent = JSON.parse(cliConsent);
if (typeof cliConsent.ccpaOptout !== ‘undefined’) {
ccpaOptedOut = cliConsent.ccpaOptout;
}
}
return ccpaOptedOut;
}
}
jQuery(document).ready(function() {
if (typeof cli_cookiebar_settings != ‘undefined’) {
CLI.set({
settings: cli_cookiebar_settings
});
cliBlocker.checkPluginStatus(cliBlocker.cookieBar, cliBlocker.runScripts);
} else {
var data = {
action: ‘cli_get_settings_json’,
};
jQuery.ajax({
url: Cli_Data.ajax_url,
data: data,
dataType: ‘json’,
type: ‘GET’,
success: function(response) {
CLI.set({
settings: response
});
cliBlocker.checkPluginStatus(cliBlocker.cookieBar, cliBlocker.runScripts);
}
});
}
});
</script>

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Credit to the Original Article | Explore More of Their Work If You Found This Article Enjoyable.
https://www.fairobserver.com/culture/all-the-light-we-cannot-see-urgency-for-understandable-academic-writing/

All the Light We Cannot See: Urgency for Understandable Academic Writing – Fair Observer

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Innovation in API Security: What’s New – Security Boulevard

All the Light We Cannot See: Urgency for Understandable Academic Writing – Fair Observer

AI a game changer for students with disabilities, but schools still learning to harness it – Daily Journal

Innovation in API Security: What’s New – Security Boulevard

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